| Nominative | Oblique | Genitive | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Voc | Nom | Acc | Dat | Gen | ||||
| Voc Vocative |
Nom Nominative |
Acc Accusative |
Dat Dative |
Loc Locative |
Ins Instrumental |
Lat Lative |
Abl Ablative |
Gen Genitive |
| SA. | S. | DO. | IO. | IO. | IO. | IO. | IO. | Possessive |
| Ø | PN. | IO. | DO. | DO. | DO. | DO. | DO. | Descriptor |
| Ø | Ø | Ø | at in on off to by for with within into toward until unto upon through than |
at in on off by with within upon through near over under above below inside around |
in on by with through |
at in on off to by into onto toward upon past |
from | of from about |
| Simple Address |
Subject – Predicate Nominative – Subject Gerund – Predicate Gerund – Subject Modifier – Predicate Nominative Modifier |
Direct Object – Indirect Object – Raised Object – Predicate Location – Gerund – Modifier |
Abstract Involvement Intent Purpose Result Service Gift Relation Concept Indirect Object Direct Object Comparative Modifier Subject Infinitive Predicate Infinitive Raised Object Infinitive |
Time Space |
Means Method Manner Agent |
Movement toward |
Movement away |
Possession Origin Source Approximation Topic Relation Substance Contents Experiencer Trigger Location Direct Object Subject Infinitive Modifier |
Writing is fun.
I enjoy writing.
Swimming makes your whole body strong.
Many athletes like swimming.
Many athletes like stretching.
Olympic athletes stretch often.
Experienced athletes will tell you to stretch often.
Running builds endurance.
Always stretch after running.
Coffee cups can say funny things.
Glass cups might break.
Ceramic cups are used for coffee.
Big cups hold more coffee.
Restaurants use big cups.
Restaurants use class cups.
I drink from coffee cups.
I drink espresso from a small cup.
We make espresso from coffee beans.
We make espresso with an espresso machine.
We write with a pencil.
We cut with scissors.
Make your coffee on time.
Put the coffee and paper on the table.
Drink the coffee on the table.
Read the book on the table.
Use the coffee in the bag.
Finish your work in one hour.
She’ll get here in five minutes.
After work, she will exercise.
She can swim the river.
He can run one mile.
He can swim one mile.
He can swim the bay.
We should discuss exercise.
We should talk about exercise.
We can consider a story.
We can think about a story.
We can debate a story.
We can argue about the story.
They are working on a story.
They should work on a story.
They should work for a goal.
They should work toward a goal.
Go to the kitchen.
That coffee is from the kitchen.
That coffee is from him.
That was nice of him.
We went to the library.
That book is from the library.
That book is from her.
That was thoughtful of her.
Get away from the stove.
We left from Chicago at 6:00 am.
We left Chicago at 6:00 am.
We are going to New York.
We left for New York at 5:00 am.
We arrived at New York late at night.
We bought a plastic bag.
We bought a bag made of plastic.
We bought a bag full of plastic toys.
We bought a bag of plastic.
That is a bucket full of nails.
That is a bucket made of nails.
That is a bucket of nails.
That is a nail bucket.
The bucket is next to the bag.
The bag is across from the chair.
The bag is across the table.
The table is across the room.
The table is on the other side of the room.